The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16  

Stevens  J. D.; Bonfil  R.; Dulvy  N. K.; Walker  P. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(3):476-494

  相似文献   

东白令海三种经济鲽类捕捞群体结构与生长特性比较     

苏振明 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(4)

对东白令海水域双线鲽(Lepidopsetta bilineata)、太平洋拟庸鲽(Hippoglosso-ides elassodon)和阿拉斯加鲽(Pleuronectes quadrituberculata)等三种经济鲽类的捕捞群体结构和生长特性进行比较。得出结论是:(1)捕捞群体结构复杂;(2)渐近体长和渐近体重较大、寿命长、K值小;(3)雌鱼比雄鱼个体大、生长快、寿命长;(4)三种鲽类的捕捞群体结构和生长特性有明显差异。  相似文献   

中华鲟随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性研究   总被引：43，自引：5，他引：43  

张四明  邓怀  晏勇  汪登强  吴清江 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(1):1-7

采用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术进行了连续３年（１９９５－１９９７）共７０尾来源于长江水系中华鲟样本遗传分析,共用了４０个１０ｂｐ长的随机引物,在２６种可供分析的引物中,只有ＯＰＫ０１、ＯＰＫ０２、ＯＰＫ０３、ＯＰＫ０９、ＯＰＫ１４和ＯＰＱ０８ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ产物有多态现象,多态引物占２３％。２６个引物中共扩增出１０８条稳定的ＤＮＡ带。其中１２条带为多态带,多态座位比例为１１．１％。个体间  相似文献   

Long-term changes in the fish community structure from the Tsushima warm current region of the Japan/East Sea with an emphasis on the impacts of fishing and climate regime shift over the last four decades     

Yongjun Tian  Hideaki Kidokoro  Tatsuro Watanabe 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,68(2-4):217

Japanese fisheries production in the Japan/East Sea between 1958 and 2003 increased to their peak (1.76 million tons) in the late 1980s and decreased abruptly with the collapse of Japanese sardine. Catch results for 58 fisheries and various environmental time-series data sets and community indices, including mean trophic level (MTL) and Simpson’s diversity index (DI), were used to investigate the impacts of fishing and climate changes on the structure of the fish community in the Tsushima warm current (TWC) region of the Japan/East Sea. The long-term trend in fisheries production was largely dependent on the Japanese sardine that, as a single species, contributed up to 60% of the total production in the Japanese waters of the Japan/East Sea during the late 1980s. Excluding Japanese sardine, production of the small pelagic species was higher during 1960s and 1990s but lower during 1970s and 1980s. This variation pattern generally corresponds with the trend in water temperature, warmer before early 1960s and after 1990s but colder during 1970s and 1980s. The warm-water, large predatory fishes and cold water demersal species show opposite responses to the water temperature in the TWC region, indicating the significant impact of oceanic conditions on fisheries production of the Japan/East Sea. Declines in demersal fishes and invertebrates during 1970s and 1980s suggested some impact of fishing. MTL and DI show a similar variation pattern: higher during 1960s and 1990s but lower during 1970s and 1980s. In particular, the sharp decline during the 1980s resulted from the abundant sardine catches, suggesting that dominant species have a large effect on the structure of the fish community in the Japan/East Sea. Principal component analysis for 58 time-series data sets of fisheries catches suggested that the fish community varied on inter-annual to inter-decadal scales; the abrupt changes that occurred in the mid-1970s and late 1980s seemed to correspond closely with the climatic regime shifts in the North Pacific. These results strongly suggest that the structure of the fish community in the Japan/East Sea was largely affected by climatic and oceanic regime shifts rather than by fishing. There is no evidence showing “fishing down food webs” in the Japan/East Sea. However, in addition to the impacts of abrupt shifts that occurred in the late 1980s, the large predatory and demersal fishes seem to be facing stronger fishing pressure with the collapse of the Japanese sardine.  相似文献   

秦皇岛昌黎黄金海岸的沙丘沉积和发育机理   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

曾照爽  庄振业  祁兴芬  刘志杰 《海洋地质前沿》2003,19(7):23-27

昌黎黄金海岸长40km，分布1～1．5km宽的风成沙丘。主沙丘链高30～40m，顺岸线分布，与其斜交数列新月形横向沙丘链。沙丘以中细砂组成，分选极好，层理构造十分丰富。距今3～4ka以前，沙坝形成时就开始形成沙丘；1915年滦河新三角洲发育以来增加了风沙的输沙量，增高沙丘和扩宽了沙丘带。  相似文献   

两个N－酰基神经鞘氨醇的分离和结构鉴定     

孟艳辉  苏镜娱  娄瑰霞 《热带海洋学报》1996,(4)

从南海细枝竹节珊瑚Ｉｓｉｓｍｉｎｏｒｂｒａｃｈｌａｓｔａ及柔软肉芝软珊瑚Ｓａｒｃｏｐｈｙｔｏｎｍｏｌｌｅ中各分离得到一固体化合物Ⅰ与Ⅱ，经光谱数据分析及化学方法分析鉴定Ⅰ为一个含有三个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇（首次是从柳珊瑚中分离得到的含多个不饱和键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇）；Ⅱ为一个新的含有两个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇。  相似文献   

In Situ Measurement of Pinna nobilis Shells for Age and Growth Studies:
A New Device     

Jos Rafael García‐March  Antonio Manuel García‐Carrascosa  lvaro Luís Pea 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(3):207-217

Abstract. Pinna nobilis Linnaeus 1758 is an endemic bivalve mollusc in the Mediterranean Sea, where it inhabits seagrass meadows, especially Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. It is the largest bivalve in the Mediterranean, reaching lengths up to 120 cm. In its natural habitat, P. nobilis lives with the anterior part of the valve buried in the seabed, attached to Posidonia rhizomes by byssus threads.
This habit makes it impossible to measure its total length directly in situ. As the only way to determine the individual age is the relationship between age and total length, several equations have been proposed to estimate total length by relating it to the unburied parts of the shell. Such measurements are essential to ecological studies that consider age, growth, and population dynamics, and that evaluate the environmental factors that affect this species.
Accurately estimating total length depends on the accuracy and precision of the method employed to measure the unburied shell parts. In this paper, we point out the lack of precision of the instruments and methods used until now; we also demonstrate the reason for this imprecision. A new device to measure unburied parts of Pinna nobilis with a precision comparable to that obtained when measuring extracted valves is described. This device is unaffected by substratum type and reduces measurement time. The latter is a very important feature, because these procedures are usually performed whilst SCUBA diving. Finally, a growth equation has been fitted to the measurements obtained with the new device from a population located in Moraira (Alicante, western Mediterranean).  相似文献   

北黄海盆地区域地质特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

田振兴  张训华  薛荣俊 《海洋地质前沿》2004,20(2):8-10

北黄海盆地位于黄海的北部，由于勘探程度低，研究投入少，使得它成为我国迄今为止尚未发现油气的惟一海区。随着我国在南黄海盆地和朝鲜在北黄海盆地东部发现油气，如何实现北黄海盆地油气突破，成为我们研究的焦点。结合该区现有资料和前人研究成果，对北黄海盆地的地球物理场和地质构造特征进行了全面的论述，并在此基础上，对该区油气资源远景作了初步评价。  相似文献   

Change of multifractal thermal characteristics in the western Philippine sea upper layer during internal wave-soliton propagation     

Peter C. Chu  Chung-Ping Hsieh 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(6):927-939

The upper layer (above 140 m depth) temperature in the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan was sampled using a coastal monitoring buoy (CMB) with 15 attached thermistors during July 28–August 7, 2005. The data were collected every 10 min at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m using the CMB sensors, and every 15 sec at 15 different depths between 25 m and 140 m. Internal waves and solitons were identified from the time-depth plot of the temperature field. Without the internal waves and solitons, the power spectra, structure functions, and singular measures (representing the intermittency) of temperature field satisfy the power law with multi-scale characteristics at all depths. The internal waves do not change the basic characteristics of the multifractal structure. However, the internal solitons change the power exponent of the power spectra drastically, especially in the low wave number domain; they also break down the power law of the structure function and increase the intermittency parameter. The physical mechanisms causing these different effects need to be explored further.  相似文献   

Møre Margin: Crustal structure from analysis of Expanded Spread Profiles     

Ingi Olafsson  Eirik Sundvor  Olav Eldholm  Kjersti Grue 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1992,14(2):137-162

Analysis in both the x—t and —p domains of high-quality Expanded Spread Profiles across the Møre Margin show that many arrivals may be enhanced be selective ray tracing and velocity filtering combined with conventional data reduction techniques. In terms of crustal structure the margin can be divided into four main areas: 1) a thicker than normal oceanic crust in the eastern Norway Basin; 2) expanded crust with a Moho depth of 22 km beneath the huge extrusive complex constructed during early Tertiary breakup; 3) the Møre Basin where up to 13–14 km of sediments overlie a strongly extended outer part with a Moho depth at 20 km west of the Ona High; and 4) a region with a 25–27 km Moho depth between the high and the Norwegian coast. The velocity data restricts the continent-ocean boundary to a 15–30 km wide zone beneath the seaward dipping reflector wedges. The crust west of the landward edge of the inner flow is classified as transitional. This region as well as the adjacent oceanic crust is soled by a 7.2–7.4 km s^–1 lower crustal body which may extend beneath the entire region that experienced early Tertiary crustal extension. At the landward end of the transect a 8.5 km s^–1 layer near the base of the crust is recognized. A possible relationship with large positive gravity anomalies and early Tertiary alkaline intrusions is noted.  相似文献